| Republic of Indonesia
Republik Indonesia (Indonesian)
| |
|---|---|
Motto: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Old Javanese)
(English: "Unity in Diversity") National ideology: Pancasila[1][2] | |
.svg)
Area controlled by Indonesia shown in green
| |
| Capital and largest city | Jakarta 6°10.5′S 106°49.7′E |
| Official language and national language | Indonesian |
| Recognised regional languages | |
| Ethnic groups(2010) | 40.22% Javanese 15.5% Sundanese and 44.28% others [4] |
| Religion (2010) |
|
| Demonym | Indonesian |
| Government | Unitary presidentialconstitutional republic |
| Joko Widodo | |
| Jusuf Kalla | |
| Oesman Sapta Odang | |
| Bambang Soesatyo | |
| Muhammad Hatta Ali | |
| Legislature | People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) |
| Regional Representative Council (DPD) | |
| People's Representative Council (DPR) | |
| Formation | |
| 2nd century | |
| 13th century | |
| 20 March 1602 | |
| 1 January 1800 | |
| 9 March 1942 | |
• Independencedeclared from the Netherlands
| 17 August 1945 |
• United States of Indonesia (USI)
| 27 December 1949 |
• USI dissolved
| 17 August 1950 |
| Area | |
• Land
| 1,904,569[6] km2(735,358 sq mi) (14th) |
| 4.85 | |
| Population | |
• 2016 estimate
| 261,115,456[7] |
• 2010 census
| 237,641,326[8] (4th) |
• Density
| 138/km2 (357.4/sq mi) (88th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2018 estimate |
• Total
| $3.481 trillion[9] (7th) |
• Per capita
| $13,120[9] (96th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2018 estimate |
• Total
| $1.074 trillion[9] (16th) |
• Per capita
| $4,116[9] (114th) |
| Gini (2016) |  39.0[10]medium |
| HDI (2015) |  0.689[11]medium · 113th |
| Currency | Indonesian rupiah (Rp) (IDR) |
| Time zone | various (UTC+7 to +9) |
| Date format | DD/MM/YYYY |
| Drives on the | left |
| Calling code | +62 |
| ISO 3166 code | ID |
| Internet TLD | .id |
Website
indonesia.go.id | |
Indonesia (/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ (
listen) IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə; Indonesian: [ɪndonesia]),[lacks stress] officially the Republic of Indonesia(Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [rɛpublik ɪndonesia]),[lacks stress] is a unitary, transcontinental sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands.[12] At 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles), Indonesia is the world's 14th largest country in terms of land area and the 7th largest in terms of combined sea and land area.[13] With over 261 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Austronesian and Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island,[14] contains more than half of the country's population.
listen) IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə; Indonesian: [ɪndonesia]),[lacks stress] officially the Republic of Indonesia(Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [rɛpublik ɪndonesia]),[lacks stress] is a unitary, transcontinental sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands.[12] At 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles), Indonesia is the world's 14th largest country in terms of land area and the 7th largest in terms of combined sea and land area.[13] With over 261 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Austronesian and Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island,[14] contains more than half of the country's population.
Indonesia's republican form of government includes an elected parliament and president. Indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have special status. Its capital is Jakarta, which is the second most populous urban area in the world. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity.[15] The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices and rubber.[16] Indonesia's major trading partners are China, United States, Japan, Singapore and India.[17]
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with Chinese dynasties and Indian kingdoms. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam,[18][19] while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following a period of Dutch colonialism starting from Amboina and Batavia, and eventually all of the archipelago including Timor and Western New Guinea, at times interrupted by Portuguese, French and British rule, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II.
Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups, with the largest—and politically dominant—ethnic group being the Javanese. A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Indonesia's economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP and the 7th largest by GDP at PPP. Indonesia is a member of several multilateral organisations, including the UN,[a] WTO, IMF and G20. It is also a founding member of Non-Aligned Movement, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, East Asia Summit, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.